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Home > Products > Organic Raw Material > Polyvinyl Chloride

Polyvinyl Chloride

CAS No.: 9002-86-2
Molecular Formula: (C2H3Cl)x
Molecular Weight: 62.5

product description

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used synthetic thermoplastic polymer. It is the world's third-most-produced plastic, valued for its high durability, chemical resistance, low cost, and versatility.

Property	Value
Melting point	170-195 °C (decomp)
Boiling point	0.100 °C
Density	1.4 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Tg	85
Refractive index	n 1.54
Flash point	736
Storage condition	2-8°C
Form	Powder
Color	White to off-white
Specific gravity	1.385
Dielectric constant	3.4 (Ambient)
Stability	Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Cosmetic ingredient function	FILM FORMING
InChI	InChI=1S/C2H3Cl/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2
InChIKey	BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	C=CCl
Surface tension	41.5 mN/m at 20°C
CAS Database	9002-86-2 (CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC Carcinogen Classification	3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7) 1987
NIST Chemical Information	poly(vinyl chloride) (9002-86-2)
EPA Chemical Information	Polyvinyl chloride (9002-86-2)

Overview

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the world’s second most widely used general‑purpose resin.As early as 1835, the French chemist Regnault discovered that vinyl chloride polymerizes into a white solid under sunlight. In 1914, chemists in Germany and the United States found that organic peroxides could accelerate the polymerization of vinyl chloride. In 1931, Germany’s IG Farben industrialized the production of polyvinyl chloride using emulsion polymerization.

Emulsion polymerization involves dispersing vinyl chloride monomer uniformly in water with sodium alkyl sulfonate (a surfactant) as emulsifier to form an emulsion. Potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate is then used as initiator to polymerize vinyl chloride into polyvinyl chloride.

A real breakthrough in PVC applications came in 1933. The American chemist Simon heated poorly utilized PVC powder with a high‑boiling solvent and tricresyl phosphate. Upon cooling, he unexpectedly obtained soft, easily processable, elastic polyvinyl chloride, in which tricresyl phosphate acted as a plasticizer. This opened the door to the widespread use of PVC.

In 1936, Union Carbide developed suspension polymerization technology for vinyl chloride, simplifying the production process compared with emulsion polymerization, lowering energy consumption and reducing costs. Today, about 80% of PVC is produced by suspension polymerization: under stirring and with water as dispersant, vinyl chloride monomer is dispersed into droplets suspended in water. Polymerization occurs within the droplets, using initiators such as dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate and azobisisobutyronitrile.

Physicochemical Properties

PVC is one of the earliest industrialized plastics and currently ranks second in production volume after polyethylene. It is widely used in industry, agriculture and daily life.

PVC is a polymer formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. It is thermoplastic, appearing as a white or pale yellow powder.

Relative density: 1.35–1.40
Chlorine content: 56%–58%
Melting point: approximately 70–85 ℃

It is soluble or swellable in ketones, esters, tetrahydrofuran and chlorinated hydrocarbons. It has excellent chemical resistance, but poor thermal stability and light resistance. Above 100 ℃ or under prolonged sunlight exposure, it begins to decompose and release hydrogen chloride, requiring stabilizers during plastic processing. It has excellent electrical insulation and is non‑flammable.

PVC is used in plastics, coatings and synthetic fibers. Depending on the amount of plasticizer added, it can be made into flexible or rigid products:

Flexible PVC: transparent films (raincoats, tablecloths, packaging, agricultural films), artificial leather, foamed plastics, wire insulation, etc.
Rigid PVC: sheets, pipes, valves, doors and windows, etc.

Suspension polymerization yields powdered resin, while emulsion polymerization yields paste resin. Both can be used to produce flexible or rigid plastics.

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Delivery Time

Inventory 2-3 working days New manufacturing 7-10 working days

Mode of Transportation
1. By Air, fast but expensive.
2. By Sea, usual and economy.
3. By Train, suit for middle Asia countries.
4. By Express, suit for small package.
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